The Paharia Tribe

 

The Paharia Tribe: Hill Dwellers with Rich Heritage #Pahadia Tribe

Habitat and Recognition

The Paharia tribe primarily inhabits the hilly regions of Jharkhand, particularly the Santhal Parganas division, bordering West Bengal. They are recognized as a Scheduled Tribe by the governments of Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Bihar. However, there's a distinct group residing in Odisha's southern districts, mainly concentrated in Nuapada, Kalahandi, Koraput, Bolangir, Bargarh, Nabrangpur and Rayagada.

Languages

The Paharia people speak a variety of languages, including Mal Paharia, Malto, and Pahari. These languages have influences from Bengali, Assamese, and possibly other regional dialects.

History and Culture

The Paharia tribe has a rich history marked by resistance. During the 18th century, they bravely fought against British encroachment on their lands in the Paharia rebellions. Traditionally, they practiced a form of self-governance and maintained good relations with local landlords in West Bengal.

Challenges and Beliefs

Due to their remote location, the Paharia people face difficulties in accessing basic necessities like water, food, and education. Living atop hills often poses logistical challenges for the government to provide essential services.

The Paharias traditionally hold strong beliefs in their own deities and often rely on faith healers for medical treatment. However, they do utilize modern medical facilities when necessary.

Social Practices

Traditionally, Paharia marriages involved ceremonies like "Bedi" and "Golat," which might include gift exchanges and feasts. Pre-marital relationships were not uncommon, and single-parent households are present in some Paharia communities. "Capture marriage," where the groom elopes with the bride, also existed historically, requiring later approval from families and villagers.

Religion

The Paharia tribe exhibits religious diversity, with some adhering to Hinduism and others following Christianity.

The Birhor Tribe

The write-up also mentions the Birhor tribe, Jharkhand's smallest and most isolated group. They practice a nomadic lifestyle, dwelling deep within the forests and depending on forest resources for survival.

Conclusion

The Paharia tribe showcases the rich cultural tapestry of India. Despite facing challenges, they hold onto their traditions and continue to adapt to the changing world.

Text and Photos by- Ashok Karan,

Ashokkaran.blogspot.com